Now the area between inner walls and outer walls was a Bailey. Stone keeps often had the second layer of walls – outer walls. Stone Keeps were surrounded by thick stone walls (that could be manned) and towers or turrets that served as a lookout tower but could also hold archers and in some cases siege weapons. First stone Keeps were in a rectangular shape and in later centuries they were often replaced with a circular shape. On the ground floor, we could usually find kitchens while the living quarters were on the upper floors. In the center of the Castle was the Keep that was made from thick stone walls and only a few windows. Stone Castles started to appear around the 11th century and they soon replaced Motte and Bailey Castles since they provided superior protection. Stone Keeps provide superior protection and durability and they soon replaced Motte and Bailey Castles. Some Motte and Bailey Castles filled the ditches with water and that provided an extra layer of protection from attackers. The bridge would go over a ditch that was surrounding the Motte and in many cases the Bailey. Usually, Motte also had a wooden bridge that could be removed if the Bailey was occupied. Large Motte and Bailey Castles could have more Baileys. The Bailey was a surrounding area around Motte where people lived. The difference between palisade and the wall is that palisade couldn’t be manned while the wall usually meant that people can stand on it. The outer edge of the Motte was surrounded by a wooden fence called a palisade. The Motte was usually a wooden keep or a lookout tower built on the hill. They were built from Motte and Bailey, as the name suggests. Thus, they were the earliest type of medieval castle. These types of castles were first built in northern Europe in the 10th century. One of the earliest Castles ever built – Motte and Bailey Castle. But the most popular and well known are Motte and Bailey Castle, Stone Keep, and Concentric Castles. In different periods of history and different regions of the world, people were building very different types of castles. Fortified settlement – settlement surrounded by the walls for the defense.Fortress – military structure, not a residence.Palace – residence for nobility that is usually not fortified.Castle – fortified residential structure for nobility.There are 4 types of similar structures that people usually mix: Later, in the 12th and 13th centuries, more complex designs started to emerge and defensive capabilities were improved with towers and moats. In the beginning, they were made mostly out of earth and wood, but soon stone became primary building material. They were used as a residence for nobility, and served as defensive structures but also centers of administrations.Ĭastles started to appear in the 9th and 10th centuries. When we think about castles, we usually think of fortified structures built in the Middle Ages in Europe. Many Castles stood a test of time and are still one of the most amazing structures today.
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